कोरोनाको अति उच्च जोखिमको सूचीबाट हट्यो नेपाल

कोरोनाको अति उच्च जोखिमको सूचीबाट हट्यो नेपाल

काठमाडौँ, वैशाख १४ गते । विश्व स्वास्थ्य सङ्गठन (डब्लूूएचओ)ले नेपाललाई कोरोना भाइरस (कोभिड–१९)को अति उच्च जोखिमको सूचीबाट हटाएर उच्च जोखिमको सूचीमा राखेको छ । कोरोना नियन्त्रण तथा रोकथाममा नेपालको प्रगतिका आधारमा जोखिम सूचीमा सुधार भएको हो ।
स्वास्थ्य तथा जनसङ्ख्या मन्त्रालयका सहप्रवक्ता डा. समीरकुमार अधिकारीले नेपालले कोरोनाविरुद्ध कार्य गरेको आधारमा डब्लूूएचओले नेपाललाई अति उच्च जोखिमको सूचीबाट उच्च जोखिमको सूचीमा झारेको जानकारी दिनुभयो । बन्दाबन्दी, परीक्षणको दायरा बढाएको, अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय उडान बन्द गरेको लगायतका कार्यप्रगतिका कारण डब्लूएचओले नेपाललाई अति उच्च जोखिमबाट उच्च जोखिममा राखेको उहाँले बताउनुभयो । स्वास्थ्य सेवा विभागका महानिर्देशक महेन्द्रप्रसाद श्रेष्ठले डब्लूूएचओले एकदेखि पाँच तहसम्म बनाएको जानकारी दिनुभयो । यसअघि तह चारमा नेपाल रहेकोमा अब त्यसलाई घटाएर तह तीनमा राखेको जानकारी दिँदै उहाँले कोरोनाविरुद्ध नेपालले गरेको कामका आधारमा डब्लूूएचओले उच्च जोखिममा राखेको बताउनुभयो ।
सार्क मुलुकका भारत, श्रीलङ्का, बङ्गलादेश, भुटान, माल्दिभ्स तह तीनमा छन् । पाकिस्तान तह चार र अफगानिस्तान अहिले पनि तह पाँचमा छ । तह पाँच भौतिक संरचनाका आधारमा पनि अति कमजोर हो । नेपालले पछिल्लो समय पीसीआर ¥यापिड टेस्टको दायरा ह्वात्तै बढाएको, सङ्क्रमण रोक्न लकडाउन कडाइसाथ लागू गरेको, आइसोलेसन वार्ड बढाएको, क्वारेन्टाइन गर्ने कार्य स्थानीय तहले कडाइका साथ लागू गरेको जस्ता कार्यको मूल्याङ्कन गरी नेपालको अवस्थामा सुधार भएको महानिर्देशक श्रेष्ठले स्पष्ट पार्नुभयो ।
“अमेरिकामा हजारौँ मानिसको मृत्यु भएको छ”, श्रेष्ठले थप्नुभयो, “त्यहाँ डब्लूूएचओले तह एकमा राखेको छ । किनकि त्यहाँको स्वास्थ्य संरचनाले तह एकमा राखेको हो ।” नेपालले सातवटै प्रदेशमा तीव्र गतिमा प्रयोगशाला विस्तार गरेको, ७७ वटै जिल्लामा ¥यापिड परीक्षण सुरु गरेको र स्थानीय तहले पनि काम गरिरहेको जानकारी उहाँले दिनुभयो ।

१२ जना सङ्क्रमणमुक्त
यसैबीच नेपालमा हालसम्म १२ जना कोरोना सङ्क्रमित उपचारपछि निको भएर घर फर्किएका छन् । विराटनगरमा ३०, वीरगन्जमा पाँच, धनगढीमा एक र भरतपुरमा एक गरी ३७ जना सामान्य अवस्थामा उपचाररत हुनुहुन्छ ।
स्वास्थ्य तथा जनसङ्ख्या मन्त्रालयको नियमित पत्रकार सम्मेलनमा प्रवक्ता डा. विकास देवकोटाले हालसम्म नौ हजार ६६६ जनाको पीसीआर परीक्षण भएको जानकारी दिनुभयो । यस्तै आरडीटीबाट ३९ हजार ६७० जनाको परीक्षण भएको छ । उहाँले क्वारेन्टाइनमा १४ हजार ७३१ जना रहेको बताउनुभयो । प्रवक्ता देवकोटाले तीन जना काठमाडौँ र ८४ जना बाहिर गरी ८७ जना आइसोलेसनमा रहेको बताउनुभयो । हालसम्म नेपालमा ४९ जनामा कोरोना सङ्क्रमण पुष्टि भइसकेको छ ।

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शैक्षिक सत्र परिवर्तन नहुने

शैक्षिक सत्र परिवर्तन नहुने

कोरोना भाइरस (कोभिड–१९)को सङ्क्रमणका कारण यस वर्षको विद्यालय तहको पठनपाठन केही महिना धकेलिने सङ्केत देखिए पनि शैक्षिक सत्रमा परिवर्तन भने नगरिने भएको छ । सङ्क्रमण नियन्त्रणमा आएर विद्यार्थीले कक्षामै पुगेर पढ्न साउन वा भदौ महिना नै लागे पनि शैक्षिक सत्र भने वैशाख नै कायम गरिनेछ ।
आर्थिक वर्ष र नयाँ शैक्षिक सत्रलाई एकसाथ मिलाएर लैजाने विषयमा कुनै छलफल नै नगरिएको सरकारी अधिकारीहरूले स्पष्ट गरेका छन् । नेपालमा साउनबाट नयाँ आर्थिक वर्ष र वैशाखबाट नयाँ शैक्षिक सत्र सुरु हुने गरेको छ ।

तत्काल परिवर्तन हुँदैन : महानिर्देशक
शैक्षिक सत्र परिवर्तनले शिक्षाका साथै मुलुकको धेरै क्षेत्रमा दूरगामी असर तथा दीर्घकालीन प्रभाव पार्ने भएकाले कोरोना सङ्क्रमणको मात्रै कारण देखाएर शैक्षिक सत्र नसार्ने टुङ्गोमा शिक्षाका अधिकारीहरू पुगेका छन् । शिक्षा तथा मानव विकास स्रोत केन्द्रका महानिर्देशक डा. तुलसी थपलिया यस वर्ष असामान्य परिस्थितिका कारण वैशाखबाट विद्यार्थीको पठनपाठन प्रारम्भ गर्न नसकिए पनि तत्काल शैक्षिक सत्रमा फेरबदल नगरिने बताउनुभयो ।
सरकारले विगत केही वर्षदेखि वैशाख २ देखि १५ सम्म विद्यार्थी भर्ना अभियान सञ्चालन गर्दै आएको छ । यसले विद्यालयबाहिर रहेका बा(लबालिकालाई विद्यालयमा ल्याउन सकारात्मक पहल गरेको जनाइएको छ लाखौँ विद्यार्थी तथा अभिभावकको सरोकारको विषय भएको र धेरै दूरगामी प्रभाव पार्ने विषय भएकाले यसमा धेरै पक्षसित छलफल गर्नुपर्ने महानिर्देशक थपलियाको भनाइ छ ।

भर्ना अभियान प्रभावित
सामुदायिक विद्यालय व्यवस्थापन समिति महासङ्घका महासचिव गुणराज मोक्तान बर्खा सिजन र ७० लाख विद्यार्थीको नयाँ सिजन एकैसाथ पार्न सान्दर्भिक नहुने तर्क गर्नुहुन्छ । नयाँ शैक्षिक सत्र र नयाँ वर्षको सुरुआतसँगै भर्ना अभियान पनि चलाउँदा यसले शिक्षामा राम्रो प्रभाव पारेको उल्लेख गर्दै महासचिव मोक्तान त्यसकारण कुनै एक वर्षको अनुभवकै आधारमा शैक्षिक सत्र सार्न नहुने बताउनुहुुन्छ । साउन भदौमा बालबालिका विद्यालय आउने क्रम कम हुने तथा कतिपय विद्यालय बन्दसमेत हुने भएकाले पनि शैक्षिक सत्र सार्दा शिक्षामा धेरै दूरगामी असर पार्ने उहाँको भनाइ छ ।
यस वर्ष साउनबाट कक्षा सुरु गर्नुपर्ने अवस्था सिर्जना भए पनि बिदा कटौती गर्ने, विद्यालय खुल्ने समय बढाउने, अनलाइन लगायतका वैकल्पिक माध्यमबाट विद्यार्थीको सिकाइलाई निरन्तरता दिनुपर्ने बताउँदै उहाँले यसका लागि सूचना प्रविधिको क्षेत्रमा सरकारले लगानी बढाउनुपर्ने बत(ाउनुभयो ।

वैशाख नै उपयुुक्त
निजी तथा विद्यालय आवासीय विद्यालय अर्गनाइजेसन (प्याब्सन)का अध्यक्ष टीका पुरी शैक्षिक सत्रको सुरुआत वैशाख नै उपयुक्त भएको बत(ाउनुहुन्छ । वर्षाको सिजनमा विद्यार्थीलाई विद्यालयसम्म आउन, किताब कापीको प्रबन्ध मिलाउन, अभिभावकलाई पनि विद्यालयसम्म आउन कठिनाइ हुने भएकाले वैशाखको नयाँ शैक्षिक सत्र सार्नु व्यावहारिक नहुने प्याब्सनले जनाएको छ ।
साउनमा नयाँ शैक्षिक सत्र पु¥याउँदा धेरै ग्रामीण जनतालाई असर पर्ने भएकाले यस खालको दूरगामी विषयमा निर्णय लिँदा धेरै विचार पु¥याउनुपर्ने अध्यक्ष पुरीको सुझाव छ । यस वर्षको सङ्क्रमणलाई मात्रै आधार मानेर हतारमा शैक्षिक सत्र परिवर्तन गर्न नहुने उहाँको भनाइ छ ।
विद्यार्थीको सुविधामै निर्णय
नेपाल राष्ट्रिय शिक्षक सङ्गठनका पूर्वअध्यक्षसमेत रहनुभएका शिक्षाविद् डा. बाबुराम अधिकारी विद्यार्थीको सुविधालाई दृष्टिगत गरी शैक्षिक सत्रका बारेमा अन्तिम निर्णय गर्नुपर्ने बताउनुहुन्छ । विगतमा पनि मङ्सिर, माघ तथा फागुनमा शैक्षिक सत्र प्रारम्भ गरिएकाले उपयुक्त देखिए शैक्षिक सत्र सार्न सकिने तर त्यो विद्यार्थीको हितमा हुने गरी निर्णय गर्नुपर्ने उहाँले
बताउनुभयो ।

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India's three-time prime minister Vajpayee dies aged 93

India's three-time prime minister Vajpayee dies aged 93


NEW DELHI, Aug 17 (AFP) - Three-time Indian prime minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee died Thursday, sparking tributes from across the political spectrum as current leader Narendra Modi mourned the "irreplaceable loss" of the respected statesman.

The 93-year-old had battled poor health for years but his condition deteriorated sharply in recent days, with doctors placing him on life support.

The sudden turn sparked a flurry of visits from top dignitaries, including Modi, who credited Vajpayee with laying the foundations for the meteoric rise of the right-wing Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) which rules India today.

"Atal Ji's passing away is a personal and irreplaceable loss for me," Modi said in a tweet Thursday, using a Hindi-language honorific.

"It was Atal Ji's exemplary leadership that set the foundations for a strong, prosperous and inclusive India in the 21st century.

"It was due to the perseverance and struggles of Atal Ji that the BJP was built brick by brick."

Vajpayee was being treated at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) in Delhi, where he was admitted nine weeks ago.

"Unfortunately, his condition deteriorated over the last 36 hours and he was put on life support systems. Despite the best efforts, we have lost him today," AIIMS said in a statement.

"We join the nation in deeply mourning this great loss." His body was being transferred on Thursday evening to his Delhi residence. Vajpayeewill be cremated Friday in the Indian capital with full state honours, BJP chief Amit Shah said.

- 'A great son' -

The former journalist and poet-turned-politician was one of the few opposition lawmakers inside parliament when India's first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, still held office.

His more than five-decade-long career peaked in the 1990s, when his masterful oratory attracted tens of thousands of people to his rallies across the country.

He also became the first non-Congress leader since India's independence in 1947 to complete an entire term in office as head of a BJP-led ruling alliance between March 1998 and May 2004.

Vajpayee's often conciliatory tone, and poetic jibes directed at opponents, were popular on both sides of the political divide.

He was ousted in 2004 elections by the Congress Party, which selected Manmohan Singh as prime minister.

"Shri Vajpayee Ji stood among the tallest leaders of modern India, who spent his whole life serving our great country. His services to our nation will be remembered for a long time to come," said Singh.

Congress leader Rahul Gandhi said millions "loved and respected" him. "Today India lost a great son. We will miss him," Gandhi posted on Twitter.

Many top ministers in India's cabinet today -- including Modi -- were proteges to Vajpayee and his deputy Lal Krishna Advani.

Many paid solemn visits to the ailing Vajpayee in his final moments Thursday, including Foreign Minister Sushma Swaraj and Home Minister Rajnath Singh.

- Nuclear tensions -

Vajpayee's government helped ramp up tensions in South Asia by declaring India a nuclear-armed state after successful weapons tests in 1998 that drew sanctions from the west.

The move prompted tit-for-tat tests by arch-rival Pakistan and sparked concerns about a nuclear conflict in the region.

Months later, in early 1999, he embarked on a historic bus ride to the Pakistani city of Lahore and met then-premier Nawaz Sharif in a bid to ease tensions.

But his peacemaker image was shattered later that year when Pakistan-backed forces pressed over the disputed Kashmir border, sparking a deadly conflict.

Despite the lingering tensions between the neighbours, Imran Khan, due to take oath as Pakistan's next prime minister on Saturday, hailed Vajpayee as "a towering figure" in a statement posted on his Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf party's official Twitter page.

"Atal Bihari Vajpayee's efforts to improve Pakistan-India ties will always be remembered," Khan said.

"It is through the establishment of peace that we can truly honour... (his) legacy", Khan added.

Indian cricket captain Virat Kohli also paid tribute to Vajpayee, tweeting: "India and its millions will always remember you fondly."

Vajpayee withdrew from the public eye after the BJP-led alliance suffered a shock election defeat in 2004.

He had since rarely been seen or heard in public. It was widely reported that he suffered a stroke in 2009, which largely confined him to his New Delhi residence.

He continued to inspire devotion in many parts of the country, especially in key bellwether Hindu-heartland states in north and central India.

---

Former UN chief and Nobel laureate Kofi Annan dies

Former UN chief and Nobel laureate Kofi Annan dies

GENEVA, Aug 18, 2018 (AFP) - Former UN chief and Nobel peace laureate Kofi Annan died Saturday at the age of 80, his foundation announced, prompting a barrage of grief-stricken tributes from around the world.

The Ghanaian national, who lived in Switzerland, was a career diplomat who projected quiet charisma and was widely credited for raising the world body's profile in global politics during his two terms as UN chief from 1997 to 2006.

The first secretary general from sub-Saharan Africa, Annan led the United Nations through the divisive years of the Iraq war and was later accused of corruption in the oil-for-food scandal, one of the most trying times of his tenure.

"It is with immense sadness that the Annan family and the Kofi Annan Foundation announce that Kofi Annan, former Secretary General of the United Nations and Nobel Peace Laureate, passed away peacefully on Saturday 18th August after a short illness," the foundation said in a statement.

"His wife Nane and their children Ama, Kojo and Nina were by his side during his last days."

According to Swiss news agency ATS, he died in a hospital in the German-speaking part of the country.

Current UN chief Antonio Guterres voiced deep sadness at the news, describing his predecessor as "a guiding force for good".

"In many ways, Kofi Annan was the United Nations," he said.

"He rose through the ranks to lead the organisation into the new millennium with matchless dignity and determination.

"Like so many, I was proud to call Kofi Annan a good friend and mentor."

- Ghana in mourning -

Ghana's President Nana Akufo-Addo announced that the national flag will fly at half-mast at home and in the country's diplomatic missions across the world for one week in honour of "one of greatest compatriots".

In 2001, as the world was reeling from the September 11 attacks in the United States, Annan was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize jointly with the world body "for their work for a better organised and more peaceful world".

But his tenure was tarnished by a 2005 investigation of Annan and his son over the oil-for-food scandal, seen by some as as payback for his comments that the 2003 US-led invasion of Iraq was "illegal".

A commission of inquiry cleared Annan of any serious wrongdoing, but found ethical and management lapses linked to his son Kojo's ties with a Swiss firm that won lucrative contracts in the oil-for-food scheme.

Annan later admitted that the scandal had sorely tested his mettle not only as secretary-general, but as a father.

Despite the lows, he left the post as one of the most popular UN leaders ever, and was widely considered a "diplomatic rock star" in international diplomatic circles.

- 'Humanity's best example' -

Born in Kumasi, the capital city of Ghana's Ashanti region, Annan was the son of an executive of a European trading company, the United Africa company, a subsidiary of the Anglo-Dutch multinational Unilever.

After ending his second term as UN chief, Annan went on to take high-profile mediation roles in Kenya and in Syria.

He enjoyed some success in ending post-election turmoil in Kenya in 2007 but he resigned from the peace mission for Syria in 2012.

Annan complained that divisions among world powers at the Security Council had turned his job as Syria envoy into a "mission impossible."

He later set up a foundation devoted to conflict resolution and joined the Elders group of statesmen which regularly speaks out on global issues.

The group, founded by anti-apartheid icon Nelson Mandela, said it was "shocked and deeply saddened" by Annan's death.

- 'One of the world's giants' -

"Kofi worked unceasingly to improve the lives of millions of people around the world. While we mourn his passing today, we resolve as Elders to continue to uphold his values and legacy into the future," deputy chair of the group Gro Harlem Brundtland, a former Norwegian prime minister and former head of the World Health Organization, said in the statement.

"His warmth should never be mistaken for weakness. Annan showed that one can be a great humanitarian and a strong leader at the same time," NATO chief Jens Stoltenberg, another former Norwegian prime minister, said in a statement.

"The UN and the world have lost one of their giants," he said.

The UN high commissioner for human rights Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein said he was grief-stricken.

"Kofi was humanity's best example, the epitome, of human decency and grace. In a world now filled with leaders who are anything but that, our loss, the world's loss becomes even more painful," he said.

"He was a friend to thousands and a leader of millions."

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Prosperity need of hour: PM Oli, Chair Prachanda

Prosperity need of hour: PM Oli, Chair Prachanda

 Prime Minister K P Sharma Oli has said that the government was moving ahead to lead the nation towards prosperity.  Addressing a programme organized in memory of Martyr Rambrikshya Yadav at Charnath Municipality-9 in Dhanusha on Saturday, PM Oli reiterated that the incumbent government was in the mission of ending poverty, unemployment and irregularities. The result to this end could be seen within five years.

The PM further said that his government will make maximum efforts for the holistic development of Province No. 2. Prime Minister Oli shared that the government was forwarding the plans of constructing Nijgadh International Airport, east-west railway and Kathmandu-Tarai Fast Track.

Similarly, process for establishing the industry village, preserving the religious sites and opening a medical college and university in Province 2 were being forwarded with top priorities, PM Oli added. 

He also said that the government was introducing the programmes to create employment so that the trend of going abroad for employment could be stopped.

Prime Minister Oli, also the chair of ruling Communist Party of Nepal (CPN) said that the province was contributing 16.2 per cent to the national GDP and programmes of irrigations and modernization in agriculture sectors would be forwarded soon to enhance the contribution to GDP from the province. 

He also opined for increasing the agro products in Tarai so as to export the domestic products. 

 Prime Minster Oli shared that the government was working out to run the waterway in the Koshi River. 'The national flag carrier ship will reach Kolkata to import and export the goods', Oli said. 

Prime Minister Oli committed to respecting the public verdict as they were elected for leading the nation on the way to prosperity therefore, all efforts will be made to materialize the dream of prosperity.

Speaking at the same programme, CPN Chair and former Prime Minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal 'Prachanda' said that the government was working out to develop the nation.  He added that the government will lead the nation towards the prosperity and the result could be seen in five years. He also claimed that the national prosperity was impossible unless, the Province-2 was prosperous.

Chair Prachanda argued that the government was developing an integrated development package targeting the Tarai. 

Former Prime Minister Dahal added that construction works of postal highway would be intensified as the upgrading project for the same was initiated in his premierships. "The postal highway is the lifeline of the Tarai so its completion in time was incumbent government's top priority." Dahal said.    

On another note, Chair Prachanda said that the Federal Socialist Forum Nepal joined the government after forging consensus on amending the constitution as per the relevancy and need.

He also said that the Rastriya Janata Party Nepal should join the government on the basis of same consensus forged with FSFN. He argued that linking hill, mountain and Tarai was the need of hour and all should join hands for the same. 

Former PM Dahal argued that the government should correct the weaknesses to meet the aspirations of the public as they have a great expectation from the incumbent government. He said that the federalism was introduced in the country by crossing various obstacles and challenges thus; it should be saved from challenges.    

Speaking at the same programme, CPN leaders and Ministers Matrika Yadav and Raghubir Mahaseth said that the government was committed to leading the nation towards prosperity.  The both ministers are representing the federal government from Province-2.

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Social Studies

FIRST TERMINAL EXAM-2075

 Social Studies

Class: 10                                                          Full Marks: 75

Time: 2:15 hrs.

Candidates are required to write their answers according to the instructions given.

Attempt all questions.

Group 'A'

;d"x …sÚ

Very short-answer questions:                                  [7×1=7]

tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] clt 5f]6f] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M

1.   Write one important function of Human Resource Management.

      dfgj ;|f]t Joj:yfkgsf] Ps dxTjk"0f{ sfo{ n]Vg'xf];\ .

2.  What is the main objective of President Chure Conservation Programme?

      /fi6«ktL r'/] ;+/If0f sfo{qmdsf] d'Vo p2]Zo s] xf] <

3.   Name the national heritage which is listed in world heritage site.

ljZj ;Dkbf ;"rLdf ;"lrs[t /fli6«o ;Dkbfsf] gfd n]Vg'xf];\ .

4.   What is your opinion regarding human organ trafficking? Write in a sentence.

      dfgj c+u a]rljvg ;DaGwL tkfOsf] wf/0ff n]Vg'xf];\ .

5.  What was the main objective of Delhi agreement?

      lbNnL ;Demf}tfsf] d'Vo p2]Zo s] lyof] <

6.   There is a great prospect of religious tourism in Nepal. Give two important reasons.

      g]kfndf wfld{s ko{6gsf] ;+efjgf 7"nf] 5 . s'g} b'O{ sf/0f lbg'xf];\ .

7.   Write any two requirements to become the member of UNO.

      ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] ;b:o aGg s'g} b'O{cf]6f ;t{x¿ n]Vg'xf];\ .

Group 'B'

;d"x …vÚ

Short-answer questions:                                           [10×4=40]

tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] 5f]6f] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M

8.   ‘Federal system maintains close relationship between the government and the people’. Justify the statement giving the example of federal system of Nepal.

      …;+l3o zf;g k|0ffnLn] ;/sf/ / hgtf aLr glhssf] ;DaGw :yfkgf ub{5 .Ú o; egfOnfO{ g]kfnsf] ;+l3o zf;g k|0ffnLsf] pbfx/0f lbFb} k'i6L ug'{xf];\ .

9.   What are the aspects to be considered while running the projects according to the concept of sustainable development?

      lbuf] ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ff cg';f/ kl/of]hgf ;+rfng ubf{ s'g s'g kIfnfO{ ljrf/ k'¥ofpg' k5{ .

10. The condition of our national heritages which are listed in the world heritage list are degrading day by day and UNESCO has warned us to exclude them. In this present condition, give your suggestions to improve the situations.

      ljZj ;Dkbfdf ;"lrs[t xfd|f /fli6«o ;Dkbfx¿ lbg lbg} lju|b} uPsf 5g\ o:tf] cj:yfdf o"g]:sf]n] To:tf ;DkbfnfO{ ljZj ;Dkbfaf6 aflx/ lgsfNg] r]tfjgL lbPsf] 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf ;'wf/ ug{] s] ug'{ k5{ ;'emfa lbg'xf];\ .

11.What does the following picture indicate? Mention the effects and solutions of such activities in the society.

tnsf tl:j/n] s] ;+s]t u5{ < o;sf] c;/ / ;dwfgsf pkfox¿ n]Vg'xf];\ .

12. What is the difference between the citizenship by Decent and Naturalized citizenship?

      j+zsf] gful/stf / c+lus[t gful/stf aLrsf] leGgtf n]Vg'xf];\ .

13. Write the name of the climatic region of the following picture and write any three climatic features of this region.

      tn lbOPsf] lrq s'g xfjfkfgLsf] If]qsf] xf] < o;sf s'g} tLgcf]6f ljz]iftfx¿ n]Vg'xf];\ .

14. How does altitude affect the climate? Give reasons with examples.

      prfOn] s;/L xfjfkfgLdf k|efj kf5{ < pbfx/0f ;lxt sf/0f lbg'xf];\ .

15. What were the changes seen after the introduction of democracy in 2007 B.S? Prepare a model of email to be sent to your friend mentioning its answers.

      @))& ;fnsf] k|hftGqsf] :yfkgf kl5 ;dfhdf s] s:tf kl/jt{gx¿ b]vfk/] o;nfO{ ;d]6]/ ;fyLnfO{ k7fpg] Od]nsf] gd'gf tof/ ug'{xf];\ .

16. Prepare a model of news for a daily newspaper about great Himalayan trail and entertainment to be obtained from it.

      lxdfnL >[vnfaf6 dgf]/~hg k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] ljifodf Pp6f /fli6«o b}lgssf] nflu gd'gf ;dfrf/ tof/ kfg'{xf];\ .

17. Which one do you think is the most important among the UN specialized Agencies? Justify your answer with your logics.

      ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf ljlzi6s[6 c+u dWo] ltd|f] ljrf/df ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ s'g xf] < cfˆgf] ts{ ;lxt k'i6L ug'{xf];\ .

Group 'C'

;d"x …uÚ

Write long answer of the following questions:       [4x7=28]

tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] nfdf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M

18. Describe the composition of House of Representatives and examine the qualification for the member of federal parliament.

      k|ltlglw ;efsf] u7g af/] JofVof ug'{xf];\ / ;+l3o ;+;bsf] ;b:o aGgsf nflu rflxg] of]Uotfsf] af/]df n]Vg'xf];\ .

19. Draw an outline map of Nepal and locate following facts with appropriate symbols.

      g]kfnsf] gS;f agfO{ tnsf 7fpFx¿ pko'Qm ;+s]tn] eg'{xf];\ .

      Mt. Kanchanjunga -s~rghª\uf lxdfn_, Fikkal -lkmSsn_, Bhairawa Airport -e}/jf ljdfg:yn_, Seti River -;]tL gbL_

OR

Draw the map of North America and insert the following of facts.

pQ/ cd]l/sfsf] gS;f agfO{ lgDg :yfgx¿ eg'{xf];\ .

Hudson Bay -x8;j vf8L_, Rocky Mountain -/sL kj{t_, Parries -k|]l/h_ Death Valley -d[t pkTofsf_

20. Describe any four causes and three consequences of World War First.

      k|yd ljZj o'4sf rf/ sf/0f / tLgcf]6f kl/0ffx¿sf] JofVof ug'{xf];\ .

21. What are the positive and negative impacts of the foreign employment in our country?

      j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ln] xfd|f] b]zdf s:tf ;s/fTds / gs/fTds k|efjx¿ kfb{5g\ . n]Vg'xf];\ .

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First term Exam - Social Studies 2075BS

Social Studies

Class: 10                                                          Full Marks: 75

Time: 2:15 hrs.

Candidates are required to write their answers according to the instructions given.

Attempt all questions.

Group 'A'

;d"x …sÚ

Very Short Answer Questions:                                [7×1=7]

tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] clt 5f]6f] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M

1.   Define federalism?

;+l3otfsf] kl/efiff lbg'xf];\ .

2.   What is the main objective of constructing Pushpalal Mid-hill highway?

k'iknfn dWo kxf8L nf]sdfu lgdf{0fsf] d'Vo p2]Zo s] xf] <

3.   Name the national heritage which is listed in world heritage site.

    lbOPsf] lrq /fli6«o ;Dkbf h'g ljZj ;Dkbf ;"lrdf ;"lrs[t 5 . gfd n]Vg'xf];\ .

4.  Prepare a slogan to create awareness against human trafficking.

    dfgj a]rljvg lj?4 hgr]tgf hufpg] gf/f agfpg'xf];\ .

5.  What was Delhi agreement? Write any one provision of Delhi agreement?   

    lbNnL ;De}mtf s] xf] < lbNnL ;De}mtfsf] s'g} Ps k|fjwfg n]Vg'xf];\ .

6.   Write any two obstructing factors in the Hydropower Generation in Nepal.

    g]kfndf hnljB't pTkfbgsf] b'O{cf]6f cj/f]wsf tTjx¿ n]Vg'xf];\ .

7.   Write the main function of United Nations Security Council.

    ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifbsf] Pp6f d'Vo sfo{ n]Vg'xf];\ .

Group 'B'

;d"x …vÚ

Short Answer Questions:                                          [10×4=40]

tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] 5f]6f] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M

8.   Write the advantages and disadvantages of federal system of government.

    ;+l3o zf;g k|0fflnsf kmfObf / a]kmfObfx¿ n]Vg'xf];\ .

9.   What are the challenges of implementation of sustainable development in Nepal? Write any four points.

    lbuf] ljsf; nfu' ug{sf r'gf}tLx¿ s] s] x'g\ < rf/cf]6f a'Fbfdf n]Vg'xf];\ .

10. What lesson do you learn from the life of Kailash Satyarthi and Matin Lthar King? How should you respect these personalities?

    s}nfz ;TofyL{ / dfl6{g n'wf lsË;sf] lhjgaf6 s] kf7 l;Sg ;Sg'x'G5 < oL cGt/f{li6«o JolQmTjx¿nfO{ s;/L ;Ddfg ug'{ x'G5 <

11. What does the following picture indicate? Mention the effects and solutions of such activities in the society.

    tnsf] tl:j/n] s] nfO{ hgfpF5 < o;sf] k|efj / ;dwfgsf pkfox¿ n]Vg'xf];\ .

12. What is meant by the rights of Indigenous nationalities? Mention the rights to be acquired by indigenous nationalities.

    cflbjf;L hghftLsf] clwsf/ eGgfn] s] a'lemG5 < cflbjf;L hghftLn] k|fKt u/]sf clwsf/ s] s] x'g\ <

13. Distinguish between the climatic features of equatorial and tropical desert regions.

    e"dWo/]vf / pi0f d?e"dLsf] xfjfkfgLsf] leGgtf 5\'6\ofpg'xf];\ .

14. Make a list of factors affecting climate and explain anyone of them with picture.

    xfjfkfgLdf k|efj kfg{] tTjx¿sf] ;"lr tof/ kfg'{xf];\ / s'g} Pssf] ;lrq JofVof ug'{xf];\ .

15. One of the provisions of Delhi Agreement was ‘Election of constituent assembly to be held to draft a new constitution’ but it could not be fulfilled before 2072 BS. Why? Give your on logics.

    lbNnL ;Demf}tfsf] Pp6f k|fjwfg lyof] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg ug'{ t/ of] @)&@ cuf8L k'/f x'g ;s]g . lsg < cfˆgf] ts{ k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .

16. Is there any possibility that Nepal will earn foreign currency by exporting hydroelectricity? Write your opinion in points.

    s] g]kfnsf] hnljB't lgof{t u/]/ ljb]zL d'b|f cfh{g ug{] ;Defjgf 5 < cfˆgf] ljrf/ lbg'xf];\ .

17. Write any four activities carried out by UN specialized Agencies working in Nepal.

    ;+o'Qm /fi6«;Fu ljlzi6 c+ux¿n] g]kfndf ;+rfng u/]sf s'g} rf/cf]6f sfo{x¿ n]Vg'xf];\ .

Group 'C'

;d"x …uÚ

Write long answer of the following questions:       [4x7=28]

tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] nfdf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M

18. What is legislature? Describe the functions of federal legislature.

    Joj:ylksf eg]sf] s] xf] < ;+l3o Joj:yflksfsf] sfo{x¿sf] j0f{g ug'{xf];\ .

19. Draw an outline map of Nepal and locate following facts with appropriate symbols.

    g]kfnsf] gS;f agfO{ tnsf 7fpFx¿ pko'Qm ;+s]tn] eg'{xf];\ .

      Mt. Gaurishankar -uf}/Lz+s/ lxdfn_, Jhulaghat -em'nf3f6_, Bhairawa Airport -e}/jf ljdfg:yn_, Bheri River -e]/L gbL_

OR cyjf

Draw the map of North America and insert the following facts.

pQ/ cd]l/sfsf] gS;f agfO{ lgDg :yfgx¿ eg'{xf];\ .

Grand Canyon -u|f08 Sofgg_, Rocky Mountain -/sL dfp06]g_, Lake Superior -n]s ;'k]l/o/_, Death Valley -d[t ;fu/_

20. Compose a dialogue between two friends on consequences of the First World War.

    b'O{ ;fyLsf] ljrdf k|yd ljZj o'4sf kl/0ffdx¿sf] af/]df ;+jfb tof/ ug'{xf];\ .

21. What are the roles to be played by the government, Manpower Company and civil society in order to make foreign employment well managed? Make a list of them.

    ;/sf/, d]gjf/ sDkgL / gful/s ;dfhn] j}b]lzs /f]huf/nfO{ Joj:yLt ug{sf] nflu s] s:tf] e'ldsf lgjf{x ug'{ k5{ . ;"lr tof/ kfg'{xf];\ .

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